Emerging Trends in Electronic Engineering for Future Intelligent Technologies

Abstract

The evolution of electronic engineering is moving from traditional circuit based systems to intelligent, interconnected, adaptive and autonomous systems. The key emerging trends in the future of intelligent electronic systems, such as AI-enabled hardware, edge AI, TinyML, in-memory and neuromorphic computing, advanced semiconductor technologies, smart sensors, IoT architectures and next-gen wireless communications, are explored in this review. Specific attention to intelligent power electronics, integration of renewable energy, energy harvesting, flexible and wearable electronics and sustainable electronic design. The growing use of these technologies in autonomous transportation, robotics, smart manufacturing, human–machine interaction, and intelligent infrastructure is also featured. Despite the significant technological advances, issues of energy consumption, thermal management, miniaturization, heterogeneous integration, reliability, cybersecurity, interoperability and electronic waste remain as challenges for wide-spread implementation. Going forward, ultra-low power architectures, energy autonomous devices, energy efficient AI accelerators, sustainable materials and integrated sensing-computing-communication platforms are likely to be a key focus. These innovations will combine to create an intelligent technology base that is fundamental to the efficient, secure, sustainable and human-centric nature of the intelligent technology.