Synergistic Role of GGBS and Silica Fume in Enhancing the Strength and Sustainability of M40 Grade Concrete

Abstract

Researchers study new materials to make concrete that lasts longer and protects nature because people want eco-friendly sustainable permanent concrete. The research project tests M40 grade concrete which uses different levels of recommended material replacement 30 to 60 percent to study its mechanical and durability properties. The experimental program assessed compressive strength and split tensile strength and flexural strength at 28-day and 56-day curing periods. The researchers evaluated durability by testing material samples with three different types of acid and salt and sulfate attacks which were based on their residual compressive strength. The results demonstrate that partial replacement leads to significant enhancements in both long-term strength and durability characteristics of the material. The 40% replacement mix achieved the highest 56-day values with its 54.07 MPa compressive strength and 5.66 MPa split tensile strength and 8.29 MPa flexural strength while the 50% replacement mix maintained strength after acid and sulfate attacks. The testing showed that all combinations experienced a slight decrease in strength after chloride exposure. The study confirms that the produced concrete is suitable for harsh and sustainable environmental applications by identifying the 40–50% replacement range as ideal, which provides balanced enhancements of mechanical performance and durability.