Evaluation of Hypothetical Fire Exposure Duration & Time of Failure Scenario in a Horton LPG Sphere

Abstract

In this paper, the duration to failure of the LPG Horton sphere under fire exposure is evaluated using the given thermal, material, and operating data, enabling estimation of timeto-failure and assessment of the risk of catastrophic events such as BLEVE explosions and fire escalation. The paper examines the design aspects of Horton spheres, including size, shape, construction material, and the effect of fire-induced heat on the vessel. It also reviews applicable safety standards and protective measures such as fire protection systems, thermal insulation, and safe separation distances. The findings indicate that proper design combined with effective fire protection and adherence to safety guidelines significantly reduces accident risks, thereby enhancing safety and protecting human life, property, and the environment in LPG storage.